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王向磊  刘培根  杨红 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(1):68-71

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非均匀风沙起动规律研究   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4  

杨具瑞  方铎  毕慈芬  李桂芬  李文萍  刘兴年 《中国沙漠》2004,24(2):248-251

文章将非均匀沙水流起动研究方法中采用的暴露度的概念引入到天然风沙起动的研究中, 对暴露度的统计规律进行了分析。利用风沙颗粒起动时力矩平衡的条件, 建立了天然风沙起动公式, 用风洞试验资料进行了验证。计算结果表明, 在非均匀沙起动粒径与平均粒径相当的条件下, 混合沙的起动风速较小的结论, 与实际情况相符。说明在天然风沙起动研究中采用暴露度来反映风沙不均匀性对起动的影响是合理的。  相似文献   

地基GNSS水汽层析的自动垂直非均匀分层方法     

范士杰  陈岩  彭秀英  刘兆健  顾宇翔 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(9):924-928

结合GNSS水汽层析算法的假设条件以及水汽密度随高程变化的特点,通过设置水汽密度随高度变化的合理阈值,提出一种地基GNSS水汽层析的自动垂直非均匀分层方法。利用香港地区连续6 d的GNSS观测数据,分别采用自动垂直非均匀分层方法和传统垂直均匀分层方法开展区域GNSS水汽层析实验,并以ECMWF数据为参考进行精度验证。结果表明,采用自动垂直非均匀分层方法进行GNSS水汽层析得到的大气湿折射率的偏差均值和均方根误差（RMSE）的均值分别为3.9 mm/km和4.6 mm/km,相对于垂直均匀分层方法减小约20.4%和23.3%。  相似文献   

Modelling ripple development under non-uniform flow and sediment supply-limited conditions in a laboratory flume     

William B. Rauen  Binliang LinRoger A. Falconer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Results are reported herein of an open channel flow laboratory based study of the development of ripples on a fine silica sand bed, and under non-uniform turbulent subcritical flow conditions. The hydraulic model used included a diverging channel, which resulted in a variation of hydraulic and sediment transport parameters along the channel. Sediment supply limitation occurred during experimentation, impacting bed form development. The overall aim of this study was to improve the understanding and modelling capability of the development of bed forms under limited sediment supply and non-uniform flow conditions. In particular, the applicability of an existing empirical model capable of predicting ripple development was tested for the conditions of this study, using measured ripple dimensions. The ripple height and length results were extracted from detailed bed profile records, obtained using an acoustic Doppler probe traversed longitudinally over the sediment bed, at various experimentation time intervals. It was found that the non-uniform flow conditions affected the development rate of the bed forms, while sediment supply limitation impacted their steady state dimensions. The measured steady state ripple dimensions were lower, on average, than the corresponding equilibrium dimensions predicted using existing empirical equations. Non-uniform flow also caused the simultaneous occurrence of bed forms at different stages of development along the hydraulic model, where 3D and 2D ripples and incipient bed forms were recorded. Such a scenario can occur in estuarine and coastal flows, due to changing hydraulic conditions and/or a limitation of sediment supply. The ripple development model tested was verified for the conditions of this study, with its accuracy being shown to depend on an accurate determination of steady state parameters.  相似文献   

地球三级层流隆陷构造系统的关联机理     

李德威 《大地构造与成矿学》2016,(4):625-642

本文针对板块构造学说不能合理解释的一些重大科学问题,采用系统科学和系统哲学的分析方法,研究开放复杂地球系统及其子系统的时空、物质和能量规律。作者高度综合了超洋陆、洋陆和大陆盆山系统几何学、运动学、流变学和演化史的基本特征,初步阐明了地球内部三个软流层四维非均匀层流及其多级垂平转换形成超洋陆、洋陆和盆山的统一动力学机制,强调热动力引起岩浆活动、固态流变是地球构造活动的主因,揭示了地球各子系统不同热状态下的物质运动规律,提出了南半球现代特提斯、未来超大洋-超大陆格局、西太平洋存在中、新特提斯及其相关古陆、北美西部裂陷成洋、地球三级非均匀层流导致地球磁场动态叠加和磁极移动、地热能取代碳能带动新产业革命等十大科学猜想。上述研究成果为创立全新地学理论奠定了基础,并为人类改善地球生态环境提供了一个新的思路。  相似文献   

非均匀沙运动特性试验          下载免费PDF全文

许琳娟  曹文洪  刘春晶 《水科学进展》2016,27(6):841-848

天然河流床沙通常为非均匀沙,准确把握非均匀沙颗粒运动规律是模拟和预测天然河流河床演变的基础。开展了恒定均匀流条件下的非均匀沙推移质运动水槽试验,床沙粒径范围为0.10~20 mm。利用摄像机从顶部拍摄了粗化条件下的推移质颗粒运动,获取大量非均匀沙颗粒的运动轨迹,提取了颗粒运动速度、走停时间等基本运动参数,推移质运动颗粒粒径范围为0.74~8.19 mm。试验结果表明,非均匀沙床面聚集体或大颗粒使推移质颗粒运动方向发生改变,与均匀沙成果相比,非均匀沙推移质颗粒的纵向运动速度减小,横向运动速度增大;推移质颗粒纵向运动速度遵循指数分布,单次运动速度遵循Γ分布,横向运动速度及运动速度矢量角则遵循正态分布。  相似文献   

船体曲面几何表达及水动力性能计算的NURBS方法     

张晓兔  滕斌信书 《海洋工程》2004,22(2):7-12

采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)对船体曲面形状进行几何表达，所生成的网格直接用于后续的有关船体水动力性能计算工作中。对Wigley船型的线性兴波阻力和斜航操纵运动的船体，结合近似的Kutta条件作了相应的数值计算，从与试验结果的比较来看，该方法具有较好的工程精度，对船舶及海洋工程领域中的计算机辅助设计(CAD)与计算流体动力学(CFD)之间的相互集成，具有推动与促进作用。  相似文献   

Two-Dimensional Mathematical Model of Tidal Current and Sediment for Oujiang Estuary and Wenzhou Bay   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陆永军  李浩麟  董壮  陆建宇  郝嘉凌 《中国海洋工程》2002,(1)

A 2-D mathematical model of tidal current and sediment has been developed for the Oujiang Estuary and the Wenzhou Bay. This model accomodates complicated features including multiple islands, existence of turbidity, and significant differ-ence in size distribution of bed material. The governing equations for non-uniform suspended load and bed load transport are presented in a boundary-fitted orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. The numerical solution procedures along with their initial conditions, boundary conditions, and movable boundary technique are presented. Strategies for computation of the critical condition of deposition or erosion, sediment transport capacity, non-uniform bed load discharge, etc. are suggested. The model verification computation shows that, the tidal levels computed from the model are in good agreement with the field data at the 18 tidal gauge stations. The computed velocities and flow directions also agree well with the values measured along the totally 52 synchronously ob  相似文献   

Electromagnetic induction in a spherical earth with non-uniform oceans and continents in electric contact with the underlying medium—I. Theory, method and example     

E. B. Fainberg  A. V. Kuvshinov  B. Sh. Singer 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,102(2):273-281

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A Generalized Layered Radiative Transfer Model in the Vegetation Canopy   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

戴秋丹  孙菽芬 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):243-257

In this paper, a generalized layered model for radiation transfer in canopy with high vertical resolution is developed. Differing from the two-stream approximate radiation transfer model commonly used in the land surface models, the generalized model takes into account the effect of complicated canopy morphology and inhomogeneous optical properties of leaves on radiation transfer within the canopy. In the model, the total leaf area index （LAI） of the canopy is divided into many layers. At a given layer, the influences of diffuse radiation angle distributions and leaf angle distributions on radiation transfer within the canopy are considered. The derivation of equations serving the model are described in detail, and these can deal with various diffuse radiation transfers in quite broad categories of canopy with quite inhomogeneons vertical structures and uneven leaves with substantially different optical properties of adaxial and abaxial faces of the leaves. The model is used to simulate the radiation transfer for canopies with horizontal leaves to validate the generalized model. Results from the model are compared with those from the two-stream scheme, and differences between these two models are discussed.  相似文献